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Frederic Gershom Melcher (April 12, 1879 – March 9, 1963) was an American publisher, bookseller, and editor and a major contributor to the library science field and book industry. He is particularly known for his contributions to the children's book genre, including the Newbery Medal and Caldecott Medal.〔Kniffel, Leonard; Sullivan, Peggy; McCormick, Ethel (1999). "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century". ''American Libraries''. 30 (11) p. 38.〕 Melcher was named as one of the most important 100 leaders in the library science field in the 20th century in an ''American Libraries'' article and has been described as "the greatest all-round bookman in the English-speaking world".〔 Melcher was born in 1879 in Malden, Massachusetts, a suburb on the north side of Boston.〔Melcher, Frederic (1945). "On Becoming Acquainted with Books". Smith, pp. 3–10.〕 In 1883, the family moved to Newton Center, another Boston suburb.〔 A 1945 essay describes his childhood growing up near a lake, fishing, ice skating and swimming.〔 He was also an avid reader from a young age, making many visits to the library, as well as enjoying books passed on or given by friends and family.〔 ==Bookstores and bookmen== When Frederic was 16, his grandfather helped him to secure a job at Estes and Lauriat publishing company and bookstore in Boston.〔 Melcher began his career in the book industry there, a career which would span 68 years. He began working in the mailroom and over the next 18 years worked his way into sales and acquisitions.〔Goodspeed, Charles (1945). "On Embarking on a Career". Smith, pp. 11-16.〕 It was during his time at Estes and Lauriat that he first developed his interest in children's books.〔Miller, Marilyn Lea (2003). ''Pioneers and Leaders in Library Services to Youth: a Biographical Dictionary''. Libraries Unlimited.〕 He worked to develop the children's collection of the books store with help of Caroline Hewins, a New England librarian who also had interests in developing and promoting children's books.〔 He later established The Caroline M. Hewins Lectureship on New England children’s books in 1947.〔 In 1910, he married Marguerite Fellows, an author of children’s books.〔 In 1912, Melcher became president of the Boston Booksellers League.〔 He was very active in the Boston book trade and was described as "an energetic and agreeable bookseller who knew books thoroughly."〔 His reputation as an enthusiastic and knowledgeable salesman resulted in his recommendation for a position running the W.K. Stewart Bookstore in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1913.〔Chambers, D. Laurance (1945). "On the Bookseller’s Earthly Mortality". Smith, pp. 17-23.〕 During his five years in Indiana, Melcher managed the W.K. Stewart Bookstore, which survived a flood but not a later fire which resulted in a total loss of the store and a new location.〔 He was also active in the Indiana public Libraries Association and promoted material relating regional history.〔 He remained with R.R. Bowker for 45 years, becoming president in 1934.〔 While at ''Publishers Weekly'', Melcher began creating space in the publication and a number of issues dedicated solely to books for children.〔Hansen, Harry (1945). "On the Best Definition of an Editor's Usefulness". Smith, pp. 24-28.〕 In 1919, he teamed with Franklin K. Mathiews, librarian for the Boy Scouts of America, and Anne Carroll Moore, a librarian at the New York Public Library, to create Children's Book Week.〔 Melcher proposed the Newbery Medal in 1922, an annual award for "the most distinguished book for children".〔 Melcher suggested that the award be named after John Newbery, a British bookseller known for his contributions to the children’s book industry.〔 Melcher recruited Rene Paul Chambellan to design the award. Although the award had hearty support, Melcher also drew extensively upon his own funds for the creation of the medal.〔Marcus, Leonard (1997). "Frederic G. Melcher (1879-1963)". ''Publishers Weekly'' (244) 31 p. 66.〕 Melcher proposed the Caldecott Medal in 1937 to honor children’s picture books. Named for British illustrator Randolph Caldecott, the medal is presented annually for the "most distinguished picture book for children".〔 In 1945, Melcher had worked in the book industry for 50 years. A celebration was held in his honor at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City.〔Smith, p. 61.〕 A collection of essays about his life was published to commemorate this event and he was awarded a medal from The American Institute of Graphic Arts:
Melcher resigned as president of R.R. Bowker in 1958 to become chairman of the board.〔 In 1962 he received the Regina Medal from the Catholic Library Association "in recognition of a lifetime contribution to children's literature".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frederic G. Melcher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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